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- $Unique_ID{BRK03906}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Klippel-Feil Syndrome}
- $Subject{Klippel-Feil Syndrome KFS Congenital Cervical Synostosis Klippel-Feil
- Syndrome: Types I, II, and III Wildervanck Syndrome }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 659:
- Klippel-Feil Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Klippel-Feil Syndrome)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- KFS
- Congenital Cervical Synostosis
-
- Disorder Subdivisions:
-
- Klippel-Feil Syndrome: Types I, II, and III
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Wildervanck Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Klippel-Feil Syndrome is a rare, congenital disorder of the spine. Major
- symptoms may include a short neck, low hairline at the back of the head and
- restricted mobility of the upper spine. There may also be associated hearing
- loss, neurologic, heart, kidney and breathing problems.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Three types of Klippel-Feil Syndrome have been identified. Symptoms common
- to all types include fusion of neck vertebrae, scoliosis (curvature of the
- spine), and low hairline.
-
- Children born with Klippel-Feil Syndrome Type I show massive fusion of
- many neck and upper back vertebrae into bony blocks. Type II is
- characterized by fusion at only one or two interspaces (disks) such as the
- first vertebra of the neck.
-
- Type III is characterized by fusion in neck and back or lower back. More
- than half of the cases of Klippel-Feil Syndrome also have kidney defects.
- The compression of vertebrae may also cause problems of the nervous system
- and contribute to heart and lung conditions. Following neurologic defects,
- hearing loss is the second most common associated feature. There is
- increased danger of head and neck injury in children and adults who exhibit
- craniocervical fusion.
-
- Causes
-
- Klippel-Feil Syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Human
- traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
- interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from the
- mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a
- person inherits the same defective gene for the same trait from each parent.
- If one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will
- be a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent, and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Klippel-Feil Syndrome is a rare disorder that affects males and females in
- equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Klippel-Feil
- Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Wildervanck Syndrome consists of congenital perceptive deafness, fused
- cervical vertebrae and palsy of the eyes. It primarily affects females.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Klippel-Feil Syndrome is supportive and symptomatic. Genetic
- counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through April
- 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Klippel-Feil Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
- Information Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- For Genetic Information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 8th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 443, 1466.
-
- AURAL ABNORMALITIES IN KLIPPEL-FEIL SYNDROME; I. Ohtani, et al.; Am J
- Otol (November, 1985, issue 6 (6)). Pp. 468-471.
-
-